Mixed Approaches

Maryland: Montgomery County's Push & Baltimore's Delay Model

Maryland presents two competing approaches to police radio policy: Montgomery County's push toward full encryption in the DC suburbs, and Baltimore's 15-minute delay model that attempts to balance transparency with operational concerns. Both approaches offer lessons for other jurisdictions.

Key Facts at a Glance

Encrypted Montgomery County status
15 min Baltimore delay model
Open Many MD counties
Spreading Encryption trend

Montgomery County: DC Suburb Encryption

Montgomery County, Maryland—one of the most populous counties in the DC metro area—has moved toward encrypted police radio communications. As a wealthy, influential suburban county, its decisions often influence neighboring jurisdictions.

County Profile

  • Population: ~1 million residents
  • Location: Northwest DC suburbs
  • Influence: Often sets trends for MD suburbs
  • Current Status: Encrypted police radio

Encryption Impact

  • Local journalists lose real-time access
  • Residents can't monitor during emergencies
  • DC metro-wide coordination questions
  • Sets precedent for neighboring counties

The DC Metro Coordination Challenge

The DC metropolitan area includes jurisdictions from Maryland, Virginia, and DC itself. When some agencies encrypt and others don't, interoperability challenges emerge. Montgomery County's encryption decision affects coordination across the entire metro region.

Baltimore: The 15-Minute Delay Model

Baltimore has implemented a different approach: a 15-minute delay on scanner feeds rather than full encryption. This model attempts to address operational concerns while preserving some public access.

How It Works

  • Radio communications are still broadcast publicly
  • Public feed is delayed by 15 minutes
  • Journalists and public receive the same delayed feed
  • No special media credentials required for access

Advantages Over Full Encryption

  • Public access is preserved (with delay)
  • No credential system needed
  • Lower implementation cost than encryption
  • Information eventually becomes public

Limitations

  • 15 minutes is still too long for breaking news
  • Emergency decisions need real-time info
  • Still blocks accountability during critical moments
  • May normalize delays as "acceptable"

"A 15-minute delay is better than complete encryption, but it still prevents the real-time coverage that serves public safety during emergencies. It's a compromise that satisfies neither side fully."

— Analysis of delay-based approaches

Comparing the Approaches

Montgomery County and Baltimore represent two points on the spectrum between full transparency and full encryption:

Montgomery County
Baltimore
Public Access
None
15-min delayed
Breaking News Utility
Zero
Limited
Emergency Awareness
Blocked
Delayed
Implementation Cost
High
Lower
Credential Requirement
N/A (blocked)
None

The Better Alternative

Neither full encryption nor significant delays adequately serve public safety. The best approach is hybrid encryption: encrypt genuinely tactical channels while keeping routine dispatch open. This is what communities like Palo Alto adopted after reversing their encryption decision.

Other Maryland Jurisdictions

Maryland's encryption landscape varies significantly across its 24 jurisdictions:

Encrypted or Moving to Encrypt

  • Montgomery County — Encrypted
  • Prince George's County — Partially encrypted
  • Howard County — Mixed policies
  • Anne Arundel County — Evaluating encryption

Delay or Open Access

  • Baltimore City — 15-minute delay
  • Baltimore County — Mixed policies
  • Many rural counties — Open access
  • Most fire departments — Unencrypted

Legislative Landscape

Maryland has not passed statewide legislation addressing police radio encryption. However, the state's proximity to DC and its mix of urban, suburban, and rural jurisdictions make it an important battleground.

Current Status

No statewide requirements for transparency or media access. Each jurisdiction sets its own policies, creating a patchwork of approaches.

Key Considerations

  • DC metro coordination needs
  • Diverse county demographics
  • Strong local journalism presence
  • Existing FOIA framework to build on

Model Approach

Maryland could adopt legislation similar to Colorado's HB21-1250 but with stronger enforcement and clearer deadlines for compliance.

What You Can Do in Maryland

Maryland residents have multiple avenues to fight for transparency:

Engage Montgomery County

Push the County Council to reconsider encryption or implement media access provisions. The Palo Alto reversal provides a model.

Palo Alto case study

Challenge the Baltimore Model

While better than encryption, 15 minutes is too long. Push for shorter delays or hybrid systems that preserve real-time access.

Alternative approaches

Push for State Legislation

Contact state legislators about transparency requirements. Maryland's Public Information Act could be strengthened to address radio access.

Lobbying guide

Protect Open Jurisdictions

If your county still has open access, organize early to prevent encryption. Build coalitions before decisions are made.

Coalition building

Related Case Studies

Take Action for Transparency

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